Frontier Nineteen Xto Energy Culbertson Montana

by Jeff Swan

Title

Frontier Nineteen Xto Energy Culbertson Montana

Artist

Jeff Swan

Medium

Photograph

Description

Bakken formation
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Bakken formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Devonian to Early Mississippian
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S
D
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Type Geological formation
Unit of Three Forks Group
Underlies Madison Limestone
Overlies Wabamun Formation, Big Valley Formation, Torquay Formation
Area 200,000 square miles (520,000 km2)
Thickness up to 40 metres (130 ft)[1]
Lithology
Primary Shale, Dolomite
Other Sandstone, Siltstone
Location
Region Williston Basin of
central North America
Country United States, Canada
Type section
Named for Henry Bakken
Named by J.W. Nordquist, 1953


Map of Bakken Formation reservoirs in the US portion of the Williston Basin (Saskatchewan is north border). Most oil comes from Elm Coulee Oil Field

The Bakken formation /ˈbɑːkən/ is a rock unit from the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian age occupying about 200,000 square miles (520,000 km2) of the subsurface of the Williston Basin, underlying parts of Montana, North Dakota, and Saskatchewan. The formation was initially described by geologist J.W. Nordquist in 1953.[2] The formation is entirely in the subsurface, and has no surface outcrop. It is named after Henry Bakken, a farmer in Tioga, North Dakota who owned the land where the formation was initially discovered, in a boring for oil.[3]

Besides being a widespread prolific source rock for oil when thermally mature, there are also significant producible reserves of oil within the Bakken formation itself.[4] Oil was first discovered within the Bakken in 1951, but past efforts to produce it have faced technical difficulties. In April 2008, a USGS report estimated the amount of recoverable oil using technology readily available at the end of 2007 within the Bakken Formation at 3.0 to 4.3 billion barrels (680,000,000 m3), with a mean of 3.65 billion.[5] The state of North Dakota also released a report that month which estimated that there are 2.1 billion barrels (330,000,000 m3) of technically recoverable oil in the Bakken.[6] Various other estimates place the total reserves, recoverable and non-recoverable with today's technology, at up to 24 billion barrels. A recent estimate places the figure at 18 billion barrels.[7] In April 2013, the US Geological Survey released a new figure for expected ultimate expected recovery of 7.4 billion barrels of oil.[8]

New rock fracturing technology available starting in 2008 has caused a recent boom in Bakken production. By the end of 2010 oil production rates had reached 458,000 barrels (72,800 m3) per day outstripping the capacity to ship oil out of the Bakken.[9][10] The production technology gain has led a veteran industry insider to declare that the USGS estimates are too low.[11]
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March 7th, 2013

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